·         1996—1997:     Postdoctoral Fellow in Departments of Physiology and Cardiology,

University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore ,  USA .

·         1995—1996:     Postdoctoral Fellow in Dept. Physiological Science.

University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA .

·         1990—1994:     Postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Physiology,

University of Leeds , England . (Supported by British Heart Foundation)

·           1990—1993     Department of Physiology, University of Leeds , England . Ph.D. (Physiology)

·           1982—1985      Xi’an Medical University , Xi’an , P. R. China.   M. Sc. (Physiology)

·           1977—1982     Xi’an Medical University , Xi’an , P. R. China.   Bachelor in Medicine