1) 激光微纳精密加工与应用
1) Laser Micro/Nano Precision Machining and Applications
聚焦高端制造领域对高精度、低损伤、跨尺度加工的迫切需求，开展激光微纳精密加工技术研究。系统探索飞秒/皮秒激光表面结构化、微孔钻削、精密切割、选择性刻蚀等工艺方法，研究加工质量（精度、粗糙度、热影响区、重铸层）与工艺参数的内在关联。面向航空航天关键部件（如涡轮叶片气膜孔、陶瓷基复合材料加工）、精密光学元件（如衍射光学元件、微透镜阵列）、生物医疗器件（如血管支架、药物缓释结构）等典型应用场景，开发可定制化的激光微纳加工工艺方案。
Focusing on the critical demands for high precision, minimal damage, and cross-scale manufacturing in high-end manufacturing sectors, this research area investigates laser micro/nano machining technologies. It systematically explores processing methods such as femtosecond/picosecond laser surface structuring, micro-drilling, precision cutting, and selective etching, aiming to elucidate the intrinsic correlations between process parameters and machining quality (precision, roughness, heat-affected zone, recast layer). Customizable laser micro/nano processing solutions are developed for key application scenarios, including critical aerospace components (e.g., turbine film cooling holes, ceramic matrix composite machining), precision optical elements (e.g., diffractive optical elements, microlens arrays), and biomedical devices (e.g., vascular stents, drug release structures).
2) 同步辐射X射线成像与动态表征
2) Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Imaging and Dynamic Characterization
依托Spring-8等大型同步辐射装置，发挥其高亮度、高相干性、能量可调等独特优势，发展面向激光加工过程的高时空分辨X射线成像与表征方法。重点开展时间分辨X射线相衬成像，实现对激光诱导熔池流动、孔隙形核与长大、冲击波传播及相变前沿运动的原位动态观测。结合X射线衍射、小角散射及荧光分析等技术，表征加工过程中的晶体结构演化、元素分布及残余应力演变。通过同步辐射实验与多物理场建模的深度融合，揭示激光加工中的深层物理机制，为工艺优化与材料设计提供关键实验依据。
Leveraging large-scale synchrotron radiation facilities such as Spring-8, this research direction develops high spatiotemporal resolution X-ray imaging and characterization methods for laser processing, exploiting the unique advantages of high brightness, high coherence, and energy tunability. A primary focus is time-resolved X-ray phase-contrast imaging to enable in-situ dynamic observation of laser-induced melt pool flow, pore nucleation and growth, shockwave propagation, and phase front movement. Complementary techniques, including X-ray diffraction, small-angle X-ray scattering, and fluorescence analysis, are employed to characterize crystal structure evolution, elemental distribution, and residual stress evolution during processing. By deeply integrating synchrotron experiments with multi-physics modeling, this approach reveals the fundamental physical mechanisms underlying laser processing, providing critical experimental data for process optimization and material design.
3) 激光增材制造与原位检测技术
3) Laser Additive Manufacturing and In-Situ Monitoring Technologies
针对激光粉末床熔融、定向能量沉积等增材制造过程中热历史复杂、缺陷易发、质量难控等核心挑战，研究熔池动力学、凝固行为、微观组织演化及缺陷（气孔、未熔合、裂纹）形成机制。发展基于同步辐射X射线成像的高速原位观测方法，实时追踪熔池流动、飞溅行为及内部缺陷的动态演化过程。结合高速光学成像、红外热成像、光谱诊断等多模态传感手段，建立过程特征信号与成形质量之间的关联模型，开发基于数据驱动的缺陷检测与闭环质量调控方法，提升增材制造过程的稳定性与可重复性。
Addressing core challenges in additive manufacturing processes such as laser powder bed fusion and directed energy deposition—including complex thermal histories, susceptibility to defects, and difficulties in quality control—this research focuses on melt pool dynamics, solidification behavior, microstructural evolution, and the formation mechanisms of defects (pores, lack of fusion, cracks). High-speed in-situ observation methods based on synchrotron X-ray imaging are developed to dynamically track melt pool flow, spatter behavior, and internal defect evolution. By integrating multi-modal sensing techniques such as high-speed optical imaging, infrared thermography, and optical spectroscopy, correlation models between process signatures and resulting part quality are established. Data-driven defect detection and closed-loop quality control methods are developed to enhance the stability and repeatability of additive manufacturing processes.
4) 多物理场耦合与极端条件制造
4) Multi-Physics Field Coupling and Extreme Condition Manufacturing
针对激光加工中热场、力场、光场、等离子体场及流场多场耦合的复杂特性，开展理论与实验相结合的系统研究。发展多物理场耦合数值模型，综合考虑瞬态热传导、热弹塑性变形、流体动力学、等离子体吸收与屏蔽等效应，揭示高温、高压、超快等极端条件下材料的动态响应与组织结构演化规律。重点关注极端条件对材料微观结构、残余应力分布及力学性能的影响机制，为复杂工况下的激光加工工艺设计与多目标优化提供科学依据。
Aiming at the complex multi-field coupling characteristics in laser processing—involving thermal, mechanical, optical, plasma, and fluid fields—this research direction combines theoretical and experimental approaches. Multi-physics coupling numerical models are developed, incorporating transient heat conduction, thermo-elastic-plastic deformation, fluid dynamics, and plasma absorption and shielding effects. These models aim to elucidate the dynamic response of materials and the evolution of their microstructure under extreme conditions characterized by high temperatures, high pressures, and ultra-fast timescales. Particular emphasis is placed on understanding the mechanisms by which these extreme conditions influence material microstructure, residual stress distribution, and mechanical properties, providing a scientific foundation for process design and multi-objective optimization in complex laser processing scenarios.
5) 高时空分辨成像与瞬态诊断
5) High Spatiotemporal Resolution Imaging and Transient Diagnostics
致力于发展面向超快激光加工过程的高时空分辨诊断方法。在光学层面，建立泵浦-探测、超快阴影成像、干涉测量、纹影法等多元光学诊断平台，实现对等离子体演化、冲击波传播、材料喷出及相变前沿等表面/近表面瞬态过程的纳米-皮秒级可视化。在内部结构探测方面，依托Spring-8等同步辐射大科学装置，发展高时空分辨X射线相技术，实现对激光加工过程中熔池流动、孔隙形成、裂纹扩展及内部相变等深层动态行为的原位、穿透式观测，构建激光与物质相互作用的完整时空图像。
This research area is dedicated to developing high spatiotemporal resolution diagnostic methods for ultrafast laser processing. At the optical level, a suite of diagnostic platforms—including pump-probe, ultrafast shadowgraphy, interferometry, and schlieren methods—is established to visualize surface and near-surface transient processes such as plasma evolution, shockwave propagation, material ejection, and phase front movement with nanometer-picosecond resolution. For probing internal structures, advanced high spatiotemporal resolution X-ray phase-contrast imaging techniques are developed utilizing large-scale synchrotron facilities like Spring-8. These enable in-situ, penetrating observation of internal dynamic behaviors during laser processing, including melt pool flow, pore formation, crack propagation, and internal phase transitions, thereby constructing a complete spatiotemporal picture of laser-matter interactions.
6) 超快激光与材料相互作用机理
6) Mechanisms of Ultrafast Laser-Material Interaction
系统研究飞秒/皮秒激光与金属、半导体、电介质等材料相互作用的物理本质，探索从光子吸收、电子激发、电子-声子耦合到热传导、相变及材料去除的全过程多尺度动力学机制。重点揭示激光参数（波长、脉宽、能量密度、重频等）与材料响应（阈值行为、热影响区、结构转变）之间的内在关联，结合理论建模与实验验证，为超快激光精密加工的工艺优化与调控奠定理论基础。
This research systematically investigates the fundamental physics of femtosecond/picosecond laser interaction with various materials, including metals, semiconductors, and dielectrics. It explores the multi-scale dynamic mechanisms spanning the entire process from photon absorption, electron excitation, and electron-phonon coupling to heat conduction, phase transitions, and material removal. A key focus is revealing the intrinsic relationships between laser parameters (wavelength, pulse duration, fluence, repetition rate, etc.) and material responses (threshold behavior, heat-affected zone, structural transformation). By integrating theoretical modeling with experimental validation, this research establishes the theoretical foundation for process optimization and control in ultrafast laser precision machining.
