Lewis acid-catalyzed in situ transesterification/esterification of tigernut in sub/supercritical ethanol: An optimization study.

Release Time:2025-04-30  Hits:

• Date:2025-04-30
• Title of Paper:Lewis acid-catalyzed in situ transesterification/esterification of tigernut in sub/supercritical ethanol: An optimization study.
• Journal:Fuel, 2019, in press
• Summary:Lewis acid-catalyzedin situtransesterification/esterification of tigernut (Cyperus esculentus) was conducted insub/supercritical ethanol. An L16(44) orthogonal design with four factors at four levels was employed to in-vestigate the influence of the process variables on the product distribution and the composition of crude bio-diesel (CBD). The four factors were temperature (230–290 °C), time (0–90 min), ethanol to feedstock ratio (E/F)(4/3–16/3 mL/g), and catalyst type (ZnCl2, FeCl3, SnCl2, and H3PO4). The results showed that the catalyst typeand E/F ratio were the two most influential variables affecting the yield and composition of the CBD. Of theLewis acids tested, SnCl2showed the highest performance in terms of the CBD yield and its esters content.Increasing the E/F ratio essentially led to a higher CBD yield and higher ester content of the CBD. A highertemperature and longer reaction time resulted in an obvious increase in the gas yield but had no significant effecton the yield and quality of the CBD. The produced CBDs had extremely low N and S contents (0.2–0.6 wt% andless than 0.1 wt%, respectively) and were abundant in fatty acid esters (∼70%), mainly ethyl oleate and ethylpalmitate, making it more suitable for subsequent biofuel production.
• Co-author:Ye Tian, Feng Wang⁎, Long-Fei Xie, Yu-Ping Xu, Pei-Gao Duan⁎.
• Volume:245
• Page Number:96-104
• Translation or Not:No
• Date of Publication:2019-02-07